Structural mapping of the brain: Identifying anatomically distinct areas (using responses to stains, distribution of cells between cortical layers) was carried out largely in the 19th C. Korbinian Brodmann's (1909) numbering is widely accepted even today.
Experimental studies contributing to the localisation debate fell into three types: Deficit studies, Stimulation studies and (post 1950) Single neuron electrophysiology. Post 1970 Brain imaging techniques have contributed.